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By Susan Major on

Holding the line: wartime memories from women railway workers

Author Susan Major provides an insight into life as a woman working on the railways in wartime.

It was around five years ago that I first discovered the collection of interviews with railway workers carried out by the Friends of the National Railway Museum some ten years earlier. Over 1,000 hours of recordings are stored in the museum’s Search Engine as the National Archive of Railway Oral History, a treasure trove of memories and viewpoints from a varied range of railway people across the country.

So, two years ago, when I was looking for ideas for a new book, I decided that some of these voices needed to reach a wider audience. My interest focused on the few women in the collection, recounting their experiences of work on the railways during the Second World War. There are of course books about women working in wartime industry, in the Land Army and joining the military services, but little to date capturing the experiences of women railway workers doing a vital job.

My book, Female Railway Workers in World War II, published by Pen & Sword in August 2018, features these voices, women working across Britain, who were mostly in their late 70s when they were interviewed. They had taken on railway roles in wartime which were completely new to females, working as porters and guards, on the permanent way, and in maintenance and workshop operations. Others were taken on as clerks, surprisingly usually a male role at this time.

Susan and Frank Paterson standing in front of a carriage
Susan and Frank Paterson, FNRM chairman

Many were working in ‘men’s jobs’, or working with men for the first time, and these interviews offer tantalising glimpses of conditions, sometimes under great danger. What was it about railway work that attracted them? It’s fascinating to contrast their voices with the way they were portrayed in official publicity campaigns and in the light of attitudes to women working in the 1940s.

These women talk about their difficulties in a workplace not designed for women—no toilets for example, the attitudes of their families, what they thought about American GIs and Italian POWs, how they coped with swearing and troublesome colleagues, rules about stockings. They describe devastating air raids and being thrust into tough responsibilities for the first time.

York station after destruction from an air raid
‘1, 2, 3 platforms after raid’, York, 29 April 1942.

Betty Chalmers was working on the switchboard at LNER York Station. When the station was bombed in 1942 she had to move to a replacement switchboard in a corridor under the bar walls, in hot, unventilated conditions, while colleagues at the station were clearing out broken glass and sorting wet tickets. Gladys Garlick talked about her training as an LNER guard at Hatfield: ‘There was a bit of a bad feeling by some of the guards cos they thought it made their job look cheap. Well, I suppose in a way it’s like my husband working to be a driver. You don’t jump straight into it, do you? You have to work your way up to get to be a guard. And they were, some of them were a bit resentful of that. But on the whole they were all very good.’

Gladys Garlick and colleagues Rita and Irene
Gladys Garlick and colleagues Rita and Irene

Nellie Nelson joined LNER York as a porter in 1940. She tells us how they helped to get injured passengers off the bombed train in 1942 and how her bike was destroyed. She also worked as a blackout attendant on the trains, going up and down to Darlington to check that the blinds were kept down.

Joan Richards was a GWR parcels clerk at Hartlebury in Worcestershire, who related how her father warned her of bad language from male colleagues and of the difficulties of doing overnight relief at Kidderminster Fire Station as well as her day job. Joan Cox was helping to run a mobile canteen caravan for SR railwaymen at Redhill, and talked about her encounters with Italian prisoners of war.

Vera Jones was an apprentice fitter with LMS at Crewe, fitting handrails on locomotives and later working on fire-box lagging plates for the new 2-8-0 locomotives. Marjorie Pateman was a lathe operator at LMS Wolverton, very disappointed to be moved into the frame shop, where they had to work on the rivet carrier in extremely hot and noisy conditions.

Personal accounts of railway work by women in wartime offer valuable insights into the perceptions and concerns of these young women. For most it was a hugely enjoyable experience, meeting a variety of people, proving themselves, appreciating fresh air and good company and discovering surprising capabilities. As generations die out and families lose a direct connection, it becomes more important to be able to share their voices with a wider audience.

Susan with Alison Kay and Angelique Bonamy
Susan with Alison Kay (left) and Angelique Bonamy (right) from the museum’s archive team

Susan Major completed a PhD in Railway Studies at York in 2012, Her book, based on her research into early Victorian railway excursions, explodes a few myths about these in traditional railway histories.

8 comments on “Holding the line: wartime memories from women railway workers

  1. Yes those war years were terrible. I was in London as a young boy all through the
    war and witnessed so many cases of severe bomb damage once being at Baker
    aStreet when a bomb landed on the station, fortunately we were in the Lyons Tea
    room at the time and were not directly involved. South London and the old
    Southern Rilway suffered so much and there was so much damage to the main
    stations in London such as Waterloo and Cannon Street. So many killed in those
    terrible raids in the height of the Blitz.

  2. I think it is so lovely that the memories from these amazing women have been told in this book. My Nanna (Gladys) is mentioned in it (she was honoured to be asked to do a recording by the National Railway Museum several years ago and loves telling her stories to the family of her time on the railway – she may be 97 but she remembers it like it was yesterday!). She will be so excited to see part of her story mentioned in this book.

  3. I have a large collection of cassette tapes of interviews with wartime railwaywomen. They were all recorded in 1995. I have been trying for years to donate them to a museum. The NRM does not want them. When I die they will go to landfill.

    1. Dear Helena

      Please contact me as I would be interested in these a I am just on th epoint of launching a new on-line railway magazine.

      I look forward to hearing from you

      Kind regards

      Rodney Pitt
      Editor & Publisher
      Great Western Star
      rodney.pitt@tpprs.co.uk
      01952 811444

  4. Did ASLEF not ‘allow’ women to work the footplate during both world wars. If so can anyone point me in the direction of a reference.

  5. Hi, I wanted to ask where i may find out my Grandads details as i know he was a railway supervisor in WW2. I don’t know what railway he worked for but was based in London i believe Kings cross area. Would you be able to help or direct me to a site that could please.

  6. My aunt, Katherine Jane Mudd, worked on one of trains going through Chicago during the War in the forties.. She was like a “flight attendant” and told us of her passengers on the train whom she helped to be comfortable on their trips. Probably wealthy people, It could have have been the B & O or C & O that traveled through the midwest. To us children it seemed exciting and so interesting. She even had a snappy uniform and looked so world traveled to us. Would love to know if any trains had hostesses like that onboard in those wartime days when the trains were full. I have heard nothing about these women. Such a great idea for families and prominent people traveling across country.

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